Respiratory medicine focuses on the diagnosis, management, and treatment of diseases affecting the lungs and breathing system. Modern respiratory care utilizes various diagnostic and therapeutic tools to assess and manage pulmonary conditions: nebulisation delivers medications directly to the airways in aerosolized form, providing rapid relief for conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); pulmonary function tests (PFTs) objectively measure lung capacity, airflow, and gas exchange to diagnose and monitor respiratory disorders; while sleep studies evaluate breathing patterns during sleep to identify conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea and other sleep-related breathing disorders.